Banking Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Banking Law - Case Study Example The whole point of the cheque card is to make it wholly different with banks promising to pay irrespective the state of the customer's account. The person who produces a cheque card makes no representation that he is in credit with his bank. All the trader is concerned to ask is whether the customer have a cheque card, whether it matches the cheque, whether the cheque is for not more than the permissible credit limit and whether the signature on the cheque match the signature on the card. In the present case the appellant/ accused opened a bank account with the National Westminister Bank. He was allowed an overdraft of 100 pounds of one month which was latter extended for a month. The conditions were printed on the back of the cheque. The issuing bank undertakes that any cheque not exceeding 30 pounds will be honored subject to the fact that the cheque must be signed in the presence of the payee, the signature on the cheque must correspond with the specimen signature on this card, the cheque must be drawn on a bank cheque form bearing the code number shown on his card, the cheque must be drawn before the expiry date of his card, the card no. ... If these conditions are complied with the recipient need not concern himself about the drawers credit worthiness for he knows the cheque would be honored on presentment.A man who gives a cheque represents that it will be met on presentment. And if a cheque is accepted by the payee it is the belief that it will be met. And when it is supported by the bank's undertaking and all doubts in the mind of the payee as to the cheque being honored will be removed if he sees that the stipulated conditions are complied with. But by issuing a cheque book and a cheque card the bank has not authorized him to bind them by the use of the card to honor every cheque in the cheque book. It was observed that by exhibiting to the payee a cheque card containing the undertaking by the bank to honor cheques drawn in compliance with the conditions endorsed on the back, and drawing the cheque accordingly, the drawer represents to the payee that he has actual authority from the bank to make a contract with the payee on the bank's behalf that it will honor the cheque on presentation for payment. Speaking on ostensible authority on its head it was observed that if the other party has believed the representation and on the faith of that belief has acted upon it and the person represented to be his principal has so conducted him self towards that other party as to be estopped from denying the truth of the representation , then and only then, is he bound by the contract purportedly made on his behalf. The whole foundation of liability under the doctrine of ostensible authority is a representation , believed by the person to whom it is made, that the person claiming to contract as agent for a principal has the

Human Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Population - Essay Example The number keeps growing every second. Human Population itself is not a problem. The Earth is meant for humans to dwell in it. However, it becomes a problem when too many or too less humans live in it and this is known as Over Population and Under Population respectively. Total population is increasing at a rate of around 1.15 % per year and the average annual population change is approximated at over 77 million right now. The increase rate was highest in the 1960s and it has almost halved since then. The total population in Year 1 was 200 million while today in year 2008 it has hit 6 billion. It is estimated to reach 9.2 billion by 2050! (World Population Clock-Worldometer, 2008) Better health-care facilities in developed countries imply fewer deaths. Despite this, most population increases are taking place in developing countries. This is because the birth rate increases more than the decrease in death rate. Alternatively, in developed countries, there is a problem of under population. Life expectancy has increased a lot and the fertility rate has decreased. This is true for countries like Germany. Human population follows the pattern of an exponential growth; it grows slowly at first but then very rapidly (Hopkins, J., 2008). This clearly has implications for the future as the world will become over-populated at one time. Over-population is when the resources of an area can not meet the needs of the humans living in it or in other words the Earth's carrying capacity is utilized. Hence, it is problematic, very. The concept of Over Population can be showed with an analogy. Take the example of a restaurant. It employs five waiters in the beginning. The restaurant gains from them. Slowly the number keeps growing and the number increases to 20 waiters. They start crashing into each other, damaging utilities and worrying other people around them. This is a problem because it becomes difficult for these waiters to behave naturally as they would with only five waiters. This, hence, is the problem of overpopulation. The thing to notice here is that it is also closely related to the economics concept of the Diminishing Law of Marginal Utility. Factors that contribute to and are affected by the Human Population Living Factors The most obvious factor that contributes to human population is humans themselves. Population obviously increases because of increased birth rates or an increase in the fertility rate. People in developing countries are having more and more babies everyday because of which the number is increasing. Humans are also affected by the growing population themselves. Non-Living Factors Along with increased birth rates, decreased death rates or mortality also could also contribute to human population. The death/mortality rate decreases when medical and health care facilities are good. The number of deaths, therefore, decreases when countries are developed or are moving towards development. Because of globalization, today all boundaries between countries have been removed. This promotes specialization and the overall growth of economies of different countries. The growth in an economy is shown by increased and enhanced health-care facilities and hence, a lower number of deaths and a higher life expectancy age. Therefore, there is the

Use of Patriarchy and Religion to Oppress Women Essay -- Islamic Women

Evil, sinful, lover of Satan are just a few adjectives used to describe women throughout history. Nevertheless, women were not always portrayed as so. Women once held a strong and dominated figure within the society. In the ancient Egyptian society, women were equal to men in status and prestige. Within the XVIIIth Dynasty, women such as Nephertiti and Hatchipsoot reign the country "In that period, Pharaonic women labored in textile and carpet manufactory, traded in markets and shared in hunting side by side with her husband (El Saadawi. 1980, p, 108-1)." Furthermore, women played sports, drank, held positions of government, worked, etc. However, as time past and countries began to flourish, there was a shift in the socio-economic status in women. Women began reducing in standing. What Happened? Nawal El Saadawi, author of The Hidden Face of Eve, strongly believes that circumcision is the cause of women's oppression and feeling of powerlessness. However, many within the society believe that conditioned oppression is supported due to religion, landowership and the patriarchal system and they are utilized as in instrument of fear, oppression and exploitation. Circumcision is still practiced in many Arab countries because a woman's virginity and hymen is extremely important. "Behind circumcision lies the belief that, by removing parts of girls' external genital organs, sexual desire is minimized (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 33)." This procedure is not performed by a doctor but someone similar to a midwife. It is believe that deep incisions must be done in order to remove all the remains of the genital. Consequently, this may result in infection and even death. Furthermore, "sexual frigidity is one ... ... patriarchal and class societies prevalent at the time. Nawal El Saadawi focuses on the patriarchal system as a major condition for the oppression of women. The shift between man and woman began when men realized the importance of land owership. Man recognized the association between land and having wealth and power. Landownership places them in a higher social, economic and political arena. In acquiring land, man must have someone to cultivate it since it demean their status within the society to do. The oppression of a slave and women became apparent. "Wives were a source of wealth since they shouldered many heavy tasks in both field and home without expecting any payment in return apart from their keep. Their lot was that of unpaid laborers no better off than slaves (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 111)." Work Cited Nawal El Saadawi, "The Hidden Face of Eve"

Edward Steichen’s Commercial Photography

Edward Steichen was a brilliant and lithe artist, capable of continually transforming photography along with the changes marked by modernity and liberalism during his time. Steichen’s inclinations that revolutionized photography and realized its purpose as an art form made him an icon that art enthusiasts, as well as aspiring photographers and artists should look up to. Moreover, Steichen’s determination to stand out in various fields of artistic backgrounds such as art critiquing, to commercial photography, and from painting, to being a museum curator, became an inspiration to artists and non-artists alike to surmount various fields or industries that interests us, and dedicate ourselves to things that we love most. (Morrison, 2007) The remainder of the text will discuss specific roles and contributions that Steichen has made throughout the years that gave photography its uniqueness and significance. Steichen’s life has made a tremendous influence on how he became an imaginative force of nature to photography so the most significant parts of his life will be recounted not only to pay tribute to him but also to illustrate how his existence merged with the subsistence of the field of photography. Edward Steichen’s Commercial Photography Edward Steichen was born on March 27, 1879 in Luxembourg. However, most of life was spent in the United States as his family moved to the country while he was still young. His interest in pursuing a career in arts and photography was apparent when he reached the age of sixteen. â€Å"Edward Steichen,† 2008) Steichen underwent training in lithography which allowed him to obtain necessary knowledge and skills in printing colored shapes and figures on plates that became instrumental in his practical understanding of photography and the artistic formation of various images in color through painting. Although painting interested him as much as photography, he chose to reinforce his obtained knowledge and skills on the latter as his way of taking the field of photography seriously – something that was taken lightly beforehand. His perceptions of serious photography were fueled by his persistence in melding the artistry in the field, as well as with commercialism. (Morrison, 2007) His unique and earnest take of photography led him to meet and become partners with Alfred Steigletz. Together, they established Photo Secession, which mainly reproduced the pictorialist style of photographic art. This style was exceptional in its form as photographs taken were made to look like products of painting artistry and ingenue. Since the opening of Photo Secession, Steichen has focused on redefining photography. He wanted to bring in something fresh to the artistry scene so he created many photo exhibitions that presented various foreign works, particularly the renowned works of French photographers such as Henry Matisse. (Mitchell, 2008) He moved on to studying and developing aerial photography. His interest in this type of photography was intensified by the learned possibility of producing images that are clear-cut, in focus, and well-designed. Schueth) During this time, Steichen was all about characterizing photography as something meaningful, significant, and most importantly beautiful, as opposed to it being taken for granted in the past just like a mere tool for leisure pursuit and such. Steichen’s life after World War I was the most distinguished part of his artistic career in commercial and fashion photography as it was during this time that he was hired as the chief photographer of Conde Nast which managed Vanity Fair and Vogue magazines. Hobson, 2001) Although Steichen’s move to be part of fashion and commercial photography was entirely different from his previous artistic points of views and aims of what photography really meant to him, he still continued to accept projects and shoots for advertising and fashion photography purposes. Despite the disagreement of Steiglitz in his chosen career path (Hobson, 2001), Steichen considered the prospect of working on commercial and fashion photography as a challenge and a means to expand the limits of the field of photography. Through this experience, Steichen was able to formulate new and various techniques in photography which helped in realizing his purpose of allowing photography to be the vehicle for aesthetic materialism. (Zurich, 2008) Some of Steichen’s remarkable works with commercial photography includes his past projects for Welch, Jergen’s, and Kodak. His enthusiasm for meaningful and straightforward photography was reflected in his commercial works as he utilized real-life situations as subjects for illustrating various products advertised by business organizations. His photographs for Eastman Kodak showed how people were seen forthrightly while utilizing this particular product. As time went on, after a variety of commercial photography sessions, Steichen was able to realize the connection between photography and advertising. At this point, Steichen succeeded in bringing out the momentous nature of photography, not only as a means that exuded aesthetics but also as it was related to every human being which influenced their way of thinking and behavior. This point of view, he applied in the Welch Juice magazine photographs drawing out the elegant and upscale nature of the product. (Hobson, 2001) His technique in utilizing photography to appeal to varying degrees of social positions and points of view earned him a rise in Vogue magazine sales following its release. Perhaps, his ability to meld photography with multiple disciplines led to his success in commercial photography. It was primarily attributed to his intellectual faculties that made photography a tool for realizing the purpose of marketing and advertising. Steichen saw the potential of photography to sway the minds of the people into something desired by him or business organizations who produce various products for the benefit of the market population. His views about advertising in commercial photography were fueled by the things and situations he experienced during World War I. During that time, he worked for the Photographic Section of the Army Air Service in France and he was trained to reproduce copies of photographs that met identified needs and requirements to maintain patronage among the people and industries to the army. The militaristic perspective in utilizing photographs was adapted by Steichen in his works, and allowed him to look at explicit and constructive angles of products or subjects that would gain the confidence and attention of its viewers. (Johnson, 2000) Contributing to his successes in commercial photography was his positive nature and characteristics that drew people toward him and gained trust for his artistic capabilities. He was open to working with other people in the industry, collaborating with various art directors and clients to obtain insights and share knowledge and information that improved his craft. Moreover, he studied the trends in advertising and worked on adjusting his photographic styles to current strategies and techniques in marketing. Through his research, he was able to develop his most successful technique in commercial photography that is realism. He realized the importance of emotional responses as a means to establish connection with his audience or viewers. His ability to take pieces of his viewers’ realities and transform it into meaningful messages within his photographs while incorporating the dimensions of marketing and advertising subconsciously earned him the trust of business organizations and marketing industries. He veered away from the hostile and uncomfortable dynamics of aggressive and direct advertising and transformed this particular marketing strategy to adapt rationalism, realism, and gentle persuasion. (Johnson, 2002) Overall, his strategy in commercial photography not only influenced the field of photography but also transformed business and marketing as separate industries. For one, he was able to make his subjects household names, meeting the needs, requirements, and demands of business organizations and marketing industries. He satisfied not only the audience, viewers, or consumers, but also the corporations behind his photographic subjects. His views of realism as an important force in photography and marketing allowed to become a part of business strategies being implemented not only in the past but until present time. However, it was not only his career in commercial photography that determined his successful career. It was also his elegant and modern works on fashion spreads that revealed his range, from pictorialist to aerial, and commercial to fashion photography. Steichen’s photographic contributions to fashion were dubbed as his celebrity aesthetic approach to photography. (Riding, 2007) He shot various stars and celebrities for Vanity Fair and Vogue covers in style, as he aimed to perfect their public figures by taking pictures of them representative of their beauty, grace, and alluring persona. For Steichen’s fashion shoots, every angle and every shot was all about capturing the essence of beauty and power. (Richard, 2008) His sense of fashion photography may be summed up in two words – elegance and modernity – despite the classic and conventional influences. Picardie, 2008) Conclusion Steichen’s brilliance as an artist was fueled by his ability to transform the face of photography by incorporating various techniques and approaches which redefined and added to what photography can do aside from its obvious practical purpose of reproducing images for leisure purposes. In addition, Steichen was able to take the classic and conventional features of photography and develop new techniques that allow it to change with the demands and requirements of modern and liberal times. Aside from Steichen’s ability to wander from one artistic background to another as a measure of this ingenuity and excellence in the field, his capacity to take photography under the context of other disciplines established his exceptionality as a photographer during his time. Steichen did not take his craft lightly and looked for various ways on how it will be improved that furthered his aims of making it a means to reproduce the reality in beauty that may be captured in photographs.   

Management Plan For A Project Manager - 4185 Words

Abstract Management is an integrated process that persons belonging to organizations involved to plan, organize, execute and control activities, all of which are directed towards the objectives and continuous in time. Order management process runs smoothly, the system is required, and a solid organizational structure. In these organizations, all activities must be directed towards achieving this objective. The organization serves as a container for pouring concepts, management ideas. So it can be said that management is a set of responsibilities that are closely interlinked. Qualifying will be needed for a project manager? It takes skill are 4 points, respectively owner, user, environmental, and Team. That is, when a project manager dealing with the owner (Business Commissioner) can provide information such as financial conditions cost / budget Set a risks to be faced in the future. When talking with the user, May be invited to use the project results both lobbying and persuasion. Then, when speaking with the team should have technical expertise, can direct, and certainly should have managerial skills. Recently when talking with the environment in this case, government / environment may require approval / purchase agreement will be for the project. INTRODUCTION The discipline of project management in the era of 1950s, American people primarily use the science of project management. Henry Gantt can be said to be the father of management science project, and its name hasShow MoreRelatedProject Management Plan For A Project Manager2144 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction In order for projects to be completed efficiently, an organisation needs to provide clear guidance on the project objectives, performance and quality, budget, time to completion and their relative importance. Project managers must also be given the correct level of authority to allow them to ensure a project is guided effectively and efficiently through to completion. 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An Analysis Of Financial Structure And Transaction Cost Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1876 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In an economy, the financial structure is designed promote economic efficiency. One of the main requirements for a healthy economy is an efficient financial system that channel funds from savers to investors. The financial structure of a country includes a complex structure of financial system including many different financial institutions: banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, stock and bonds markets, etc. which channel the money from the people who save to people with investment opportunities. (Mishkin 169) Basic Facts about Financial Structure According to Mishkin, There are eight basic puzzles that we need to solve in order to understand how the financial system works.(Mishkin 169-172) Stocks are not the most important source of external financing for businesses. Issuing marketable debt and equity securities is not the primary way in which businesses finance their operations. Indirect finance, which involves the activities of financial intermediaries, is any times more important than direct finance, in which businesses raise funds directly from lenders in financial markets. Financial intermediaries, particularly banks, are the most important source of external funds used to finance businesses. The financial system is among the most heavily regulated sectors of the economy. Only large, well-established corporations have easy access to securities market to finance their activities. Collateral is a prevalent feature of debt contracts for both households and businesses. Debt contracts typically ar e extremely complicated legal documents that place substantial restrictions on the behavior of the borrower. Financial structure depends on two factors: transactions costs, and information costs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Analysis Of Financial Structure And Transaction Cost Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Transaction Cost Transactions costs influence financial structure. They are major problems in financial markets and are too high for ordinary people. Financial intermediaries-help in reducing transaction costs and allow small savers and borrowers to benefit from the existence of financial markets. One solution to the problem of high transaction costs is to package the funds of many investors together so that they can take advantage of economies of scale. (Economies of scale exist because the total cost of carrying out a transaction in financial markets increases only as little as the size of the transaction grows.) They also develop expertise to lower transactions costs and provide investors with liquidity services. Fig.1. A Comparison of transaction cost between various countries Source: The Financial Express. Indian Securities Market Has Lowest Transaction Cost; Malaysian Highest. Business News, Finance News, Stock Market, World Business, Financial Markets News Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 July 2010. In the chart above we can see that the securities market in India has emerged as the lowest cost market among all these countries. According to a study by market regulator Securities Exchange Board of India (Sebi), transaction cost in this market is 40 bps . The second lowest cost market is Hong Kong, which has a transaction cost of 43.03 bps, while the Malaysian market with transaction cost at 97.50 bps is the highest. Among the other markets where cost of transaction is comparatively higher with respect to Indian markets is Thailand (60 bps), USA (64.60 bps), Singapore (75.50 bps) and Australia (81 bps). These transaction cost includes various components like brokerage, regulators fee, custody charges, clearing charges and levies like stamp duty. Asymmetric Information: Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard Asymmetric information is a situation that arises when one partys insufficient knowledge about the other party involved in a transaction makes it impossible to make accurate decisions when conducting the transaction. The presence of asymmetric information leads to adverse selection and moral hazard problems. Adverse Selection Adverse selection is an asymmetric information problem that occurs before the transaction. Potential bad credit risks are the ones who most actively seek out loans. Because adverse selection increases the chances that a loan might be made to a bad credit risk, lenders might decide not to make any loans, even though there are good credit risks in the marketplace. Moral Hazard Moral hazard arises after the transaction occurs. The lender runs the risk that the borrower will engage in activities that are undesirable from the lenders point of view because they make it less likely that the loan will be paid back. Because moral hazard lowers the chance that the loan will be paid back, lenders may decide that they would rather not make loans. The Lemons Problem: How Adverse Selection Influences Financial Structure The Lemons Problem arises when investors cant distinguish between good and bad securities, and are willing to pay only average of good and bad securities value. The result is that good securities are undervalued and firms wont issue them; whereas bad securities overvalued so too many are issued. So, Investors wont want to buy bad securities, so market wont function well. According George Akerlof, ÂÂ  Information asymmetry occurs when the seller knows more about a product than the buyer. ( Akerlof 3) Tools to Help Solve Adverse Selection (Lemons) Problems Methods of elimination of asymmetric information Private Production and Sale of Information Furnishing the people who supply funds (lenders) with full details about the individuals or firms seeking to finance their investment activities (borrowers). Private companies who collect information from the firms balance sheets and investment activities publish the data and sell them to subscribers. For example: SP or Moodys Free-rider problem interferes with this solution The free-rider problem occurs when people who do not pay for information take advantage of the information that other people have paid for. Government Regulation to Increase Information The government regulates the securities market in a way that encourages firms to reveal honest information about themselves so that the investors can determine how good or bad the firms are. For example, annual audits of public corporations. Financial Intermediation A financial intermediary becomes an expert in producing information about firms, so that it can sort out good credit risk form bad ones. Banks can also avoid free-rider problem. It is making private loans Banks are more important in the financial systems of developing countries When the quality of information is better, asymmetric information problems will be less severe. Also the larger and more established a corporation is, the more likely it will be to issue securities to raise funds. Collateral and Net Worth Collateral reduces the consequences of adverse selection because it reduces the lenders losses in the event of a default. Lenders are more willing to make loans secured by collateral, and borrowers are willing to supply collateral in order to get the loan and at better rate. Net worth (equity capital), the difference between a firms assets and its liabilities, can perform a similar role to collateral. How Moral Hazard Affects the Choice between Debt Equity Contracts Moral hazard is the asymmetric information problem that occurs after financial transaction takes place, when the seller of a security may have incentives to hide information and engage in activities that are undesirable for the purchaser of the security. It has important consequences for whether a firm finds it easier to raise funds with debt than with equity contracts. Moral Hazard in Equity Contracts: The Principal-Agent Problem The Principal-Agent Problem is the result of separation of ownership by stockholders (principals) from control by managers (agents). Managers act in own rather than stockholders interest because the managers have less incentive to maximize profits than stockholders-owners do. The agent is hired to act on behalf of (and in the best interests of) the principal (Silver). C:UsersChrish_naDesktopPrincipal_agent.png Source: (WGA update: the not-so-basic economics of industrial action) In the figure above it can be seen how the Principal-agent Problem treats the difficulties that arise under conditions of incomplete andÂÂ  asymmetric informationÂÂ  when aÂÂ  principalÂÂ  hires anÂÂ  agent, such as the problem of potentialÂÂ  moral hazardÂÂ  andÂÂ  conflict of interest, in as much as the principal is most probably hiring the agent to pursue its, the principals, interests. Various mechanisms may be used to try to align the interests of the agent in cohesion with those of the principal, such as piece rates/commissions,ÂÂ  profit sharing,ÂÂ  efficiency wages,ÂÂ  performance measurementÂÂ  (includingÂÂ  financial statements), the agent posting a bond, or fear of firing. The principal-agent problem is found in most employer/employee relationships, for example, whenÂÂ  stakeholdersÂÂ  hire top executives ofÂÂ  corporations. Tools to Help Solve the Principal-Agent Problem Production of Information: Monitoring One way for stockholder to reduce this moral hazard problem is to monitor the firms activities through different monitoring process such as auditing and checking what the management is doing. Government Regulation to increase information Governments have laws to force firms to adhere to standard accounting principles that make profit verification easier. They also impose stiff criminal penalties on people who commit the fraud of hiding and stealing profits. However, these laws and regulations are not fully effective. It is not easy to catch the fraudulent managers because they have incentives to make very hard for government agencies to find or prove fraud. Financial Intermediation Financial intermediation has the ability to avoid the free-rider problem in the face of moral hazard, and this is another reason why indirect finance is so important. Debt Contracts Debt contract is an agreement whereby the borrower pays the lender a fixed amount at periodic intervals. As long as the lender receives the agreed amount, he does not care whether the firm is making profit or suffering a loss. How Moral Hazard Influences Financial Structure in Debt Markets Even with the advantages over equity contact, debt contracts are still subject to moral hazard. Because a debt contract requires the borrower to pay out a fixed amount and lets him keep any profits above this amount, the borrower has an incentive to take on investment projects that are riskier than the lenders would like. Because of the potential moral hazard, lenders may not make the loan to the borrower. Tools to Help Solve Moral Hazard in Debt Contracts Net Worth and Collateral When borrowers have more at stake because their net worth is high or collateral they have pledged to the lender is valuable, the risk of moral hazard will be reduced . Monitoring and Enforcement of Restrictive Covenants Restrictive covenants are directed to reduce moral hazard either by ruling out undesirable behaviour or by encouraging desirable behaviour. Financial Intermediation: Banks and other intermediaries have special advantages in monitoring. Financial intermediaries-particularly banks- have the ability to avoid the free-rider problem as the make primarily private loans. Private loans are not traded, so no free-rider problem exists. Conclusion A healthy and vibrant economy requires a financial system that moves funds from people who save to people who have productive investment opportunities. A proper financial system makes sure that the hard-earned savings of people get channeled to productive investors. There are powerful economic concepts that enable us to explain features of the financial system, such as why financial contracts are written as they are and that the financial intermediaries are more important than securities markets for getting funds to borrowers. The economic analysis of the financial structure also explains about how financial intermediaries are important for small investors to invest their money and help in reducing the transaction costs, these financial intermediaries also enable small investors to diversify their portfolio and minimize losses. It also explains about the risks involved when borrowers borrow money from various markets such as the Debt and Equity markets and also teaches us the tools and techniques to minimize losses due to these risks.

Macbeth and Othello Essay - 2866 Words

Macbeth and Othello â€Å"Upon my head they plac’d a fruitless crown And put a barren sceptre in my gripe, Thence to be wrench’d with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding† (Macbeth, III.i.62) â€Å"Renew I could not like the moon† (Timon of Athens, IV.iii.68) What distinguishes Macbeth and Othello from other tragedies is the fact that their protagonists are neither fathers nor sons, mothers nor daughters. We know nothing of Macbeth or Othello’s parents, and neither of them has children. Lady Macbeth makes a passing reference to having once â€Å"given suck† and to â€Å"how tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks [her]† but never returns to the subject, and in any case, what remains impressed in one’s memory is the line that†¦show more content†¦Similarly, Desdemona is very distinctly no longer her father’s daughter: she has severed ties with him and no longer feels obliged to associate herself with him or define herself in terms of him, to the point where she claims she â€Å"would not [in her father’s house] reside to put [her] father in impatient thoughts by being in his eye† (I.iii.241). She is only â€Å"hitherto [his] daughter† (183). It is also interestin g to note that the only mention of her mother is made in this passage—we have a brief glimpse of her mother â€Å"preferring [Brabantio] before her father† (186) before she vanishes again into obscurity. That said, what is much more striking is Othello’s complete lack of parentage. After all, one might argue that in Desdemona’s case cutting herself off from her father is acknowledging that she has one. In the case of Othello, there is no mention of a father, a mother, not even a glimpse of a past family. We hear of his past conquests and victories, the battles in which he has fought and the seas he has sailed, but there is no personal history or any sense that someone came before Othello, that he is connected to anything less ephemeral than a list of battles. â€Å"The story of [his] life from year to year† is depicted in terms of â€Å"battles, sieges, fortunes that [he has] pass’d† rather than parentage (I.iii.128). The same holds true forShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Macbeth And Othello1075 Words   |  5 Pagessimilarities. Mainly, Macbeth in Macbeth and Othello in Othello are ultimately the exact same person, despite being different peo ple in different environments. Furthermore, Lady Macbeth and Iago are similar in relation to the two main characters. First off, it is paramount to explore the secondary character’s personalities to emphasize their similarities. Shakespeare depicts Iago as having an insatiable lust for power. He uses Desdemona, oblivious to his plan, to trick Othello to ultimately have whatRead MoreEssay on Comparison: Macbeth and Othello1908 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare presents the tragedies, Macbeth and Othello as plays filled with plots driven by manipulation. Shakespeare uses the power of language in the characters Iago and Lady Macbeth by using influential rhetoric to sway those around them and also lead to the deadly downfall of Othello and Macbeth. In both of their cases, Shakespeare reveals the power of power because when things do not go according to plan, their own downfall is inevitable as well. In Macbeth, Lady Macbeth’s actions show that womenRead MoreHuman Weakness in Macbeth and Othello2915 Words   |  12 PagesMacbeth is one of the best known plays written by Shakespeare in the 17th century, Jacobean period. It was the period where the belief in supernatural was greatly held and king James I himself, the author of Divine rights of king adhered in witchcraft and openly practiced the idea of kings being God’s representatives on earth, so to even complain about them was a sin. The tragic hero, brave and valiant Macbeth had all the required characteristics of the ideal Scottish soldier; valorous and gallantRead MoreEssay about Comparing Macbeth and Othello1019 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Macbeth and Othello A masterful playwright and poet named William Shakespeare in the Seventeenth century wrote both the tragedies Macbeth and Othello. In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the idea of one character becoming both victim and villain is introduced. Macbeth falls prey to others’ deception, and is supplanted with greed and hate when three witches trick him. When told that he is going to be King of Scotland, Macbeth does whatever he can to insure his property. In Macbeth’sRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Othello1417 Words   |  6 PagesHello, I’m William Shakespeare, the famous and historically known playwright of plays such as Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello and Macbeth. Today I will be talking to you all about two of my plays, Othello and Macbeth. I will also be talking to you all about the social, political and historical themes in my plays and my intent for writing them. I wrote Macbeth and Othello during the reign of King James the 1st of England. Events that were occurring during that time period and the feeling of theRead MoreWhat Are The Similarities Between Macbeth And Othello1267 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is the playwright in which the works of Macbeth and Othello are written . These works are both written in Shakespeares signature style of tragedy where a character experiences a reversal of fortune at the hands of their own actions. A true tragic hero is a character who is admired while being flawed; has both good and evil characteristics; experiences a hamartia, a moral mistake or ignorant error; is given an opportunity for redemption yet continues refusing; experiences theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Othello1984 Words   |  8 PagesExplore the ways in which characters emotions are manipulated in Macbeth and Othello The way that Shakespeare implements manipulation into Othello and Macbeth leads to significant emotional change in the majority of characters in both plays. This leads to protagonists’ eventual downfall in many cases, due to the language and imagery that Shakespeare creates in the tragedies. The schemists tend to exploit weaknesses in the victims, such as ambitions. This can be witnessed by the audience at a veryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Othello 2034 Words   |  9 Pages A clear view of the relationships established in Macbeth and Othello can be seen through the inferior partner s views on the other person in the relationship, and also their balance of power. Lady Macbeth rarely addresses Macbeth with his real name, but instead with titles such as Great Glamis! and Worthy Cawdor - referring to his positions. However Iago refers to Othello with titles such as The Moorship, which is a play on Lordship - including a reference to his race. The useRead More Comparing Macbeth, Hamlet, and Othello Essay2768 Words   |  12 PagesComparing Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Hamlet, and Othello  Ã‚      Shakespeare’s tragedies were extremely popular in Elizabethan times and today. A tragedy is described as â€Å"a sad, serious story or play, usually ending with the death of the hero. A disastrous, fatal or dreadful event.† By comparing the three plays, Macbeth, Hamlet and Othello it is possible to see how he has used techniques appropriate to tragedy and how he applied them to his plays. The opening of the play is significant because itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Vs. Othello1006 Words   |  5 PagesNadia Chilcoat Macbeth vs. Othello Period: â…š 12/12/2014 Macbeth vs. Othello Ancient Greeks believed that a tragic hero must be admirable but flawed, someone the audience can sympathize with, and someone capable of good and evil. The main character must also have a doctrine of free will, in which they are able to redeem themselves, but they continue to fall freely in a downward spiral from a position of superiority. The audience must also be able to